django + mysql メモ
環境
| software | version |
|---|---|
| amazon linux | 2018.03 |
| python | 3.7.3 |
| django | 2.2.1 |
| mysql | 5.7 |
DjangoとMySQLを接続するにあたって公式の推奨に従い、mysqlclientを選択する。
python の設定
以下を参考に実施する。
パッケージをダウンロードする。
$ curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tar.xz
解凍する。
$ tar -Jxvf Python-3.7.3.tar.xz
コンパイラとライブラリの導入。
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 Python-3.7.3]$ sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
※libffi-develが参考記事のコマンドには含まれていないが、必要なため追記。
$ sudo yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel expat-devel libffi-devel
※コンパイラが無いとビルド時にエラーになる。
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 Python-3.7.3]$ ./configure checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu checking for python3.7... no checking for python3... no checking for python... python checking for --enable-universalsdk... no checking for --with-universal-archs... no checking MACHDEP... checking for --without-gcc... no checking for --with-icc... no checking for gcc... no checking for cc... no checking for cl.exe... no configure: error: in `/home/ec2-user/Python-3.7.3': configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH See `config.log' for more details [ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 Python-3.7.3]$
ビルドする。
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 ~]$ cd Python-3.7.3 [ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 Python-3.7.3]$ sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --enable-shared LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib" [ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 Python-3.7.3]$ sudo make && make altinstall [ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 Python-3.7.3]$ sudo make altinstall
python3.7 で実行できるようになる。
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 Python-3.7.3]$ which python3.7 /usr/local/bin/python3.7
pip3.7 も利用可能になっている。
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 bin]$ which pip3.7 /usr/local/bin/pip3.7
シンボリックリンク設定
python3.7 を python3 で実行できるようにしたいので、シンボリックリンクを設定する。
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.7 python3
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 ~]$ python3 Python 3.7.3 (default, May 13 2019, 02:47:06) [GCC 7.2.1 20170915 (Red Hat 7.2.1-2)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>
pip3.7 も pip3 で実行できるようにする。
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3.7 pip3
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 ~]$ pip3 list Package Version ---------- ------- pip 19.0.3 setuptools 40.8.0 You are using pip version 19.0.3, however version 19.1.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
django の設定
django の導入。
$ sudo pip3 install django
プロジェクトの作成。
my_projectという名前のプロジェクトを作成することにした。
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 ~]$ django-admin startproject my_project
setting.pyの設定。
setting.py を編集するためディレクトリを移動する。
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 ~]$ cd my_project/my_project/ [ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ ll total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 ec2-user ec2-user 0 May 13 04:39 __init__.py -rw-r--r-- 1 ec2-user ec2-user 3117 May 13 04:44 settings.py -rw-r--r-- 1 ec2-user ec2-user 752 May 13 04:39 urls.py -rw-r--r-- 1 ec2-user ec2-user 397 May 13 04:39 wsgi.py [ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$
settings.py の変更箇所は以下の通り。
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['xxx.xxx.xxx.19'] # public ip を入力 LANGUAGE_CODE = 'ja' TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Tokyo'
mysql5.7 の設定
mysql80のリポジトリ追加
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ sudo yum localinstall https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el6-3.noarch.rpm
mysql8.0 のリポジトリを無効化
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
mysql5.7 のリポジトリを有効化
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
mysql57 の情報が確認できるようになる。
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ yum info mysql-community-server Loaded plugins: priorities, update-motd, upgrade-helper mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql57-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db | 182 kB 00:00:00 24 packages excluded due to repository priority protections Available Packages Name : mysql-community-server Arch : x86_64 Version : 5.7.26 Release : 1.el6 Size : 153 M Repo : mysql57-community/x86_64 Summary : A very fast and reliable SQL database server URL : http://www.mysql.com/ License : Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Under GPLv2 : license as shown in the Description field. Description : The MySQL(TM) software delivers a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user, : and robust SQL (Structured Query Language) database server. MySQL Server : is intended for mission-critical, heavy-load production systems as well : as for embedding into mass-deployed software. MySQL is a trademark of : Oracle and/or its affiliates : : The MySQL software has Dual Licensing, which means you can use the MySQL : software free of charge under the GNU General Public License : (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/). You can also purchase commercial MySQL : licenses from Oracle and/or its affiliates if you do not wish to be bound by the terms of : the GPL. See the chapter "Licensing and Support" in the manual for : further info. : : The MySQL web site (http://www.mysql.com/) provides the latest news and : information about the MySQL software. Also please see the documentation : and the manual for more information. : : This package includes the MySQL server binary as well as related utilities : to run and administer a MySQL server.
mysql-devel の導入
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ sudo yum install mysql57-devel.x86_64
mysql57の導入
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ sudo yum install mysql-community-server [ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ mysql --version mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.26, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper [ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ yum list installed | grep mysql mysql-community-client.x86_64 5.7.26-1.el6 @mysql57-community mysql-community-common.x86_64 5.7.26-1.el6 @mysql57-community mysql-community-devel.x86_64 5.7.26-1.el6 @mysql57-community mysql-community-libs.x86_64 5.7.26-1.el6 @mysql57-community mysql80-community-release.noarch el6-3 installed [ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$
※mysql-devel が無いと後述する mysqlclient のインストールや django の makemigrations がエラーになる
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ sudo pip3 install mysqlclient Collecting mysqlclient Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f4/f1/3bb6f64ca7a429729413e6556b7ba5976df06019a5245a43d36032f1061e/mysqlclient-1.4.2.post1.tar.gz ERROR: Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info: ERROR: /bin/sh: mysql_config: command not found Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 1, in <module> File "/tmp/pip-install-wvc2e8ay/mysqlclient/setup.py", line 16, in <module> metadata, options = get_config() File "/tmp/pip-install-wvc2e8ay/mysqlclient/setup_posix.py", line 51, in get_config libs = mysql_config("libs") File "/tmp/pip-install-wvc2e8ay/mysqlclient/setup_posix.py", line 29, in mysql_config raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % (_mysql_config_path,)) OSError: mysql_config not found ---------------------------------------- ERROR: Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-wvc2e8ay/mysqlclient/ [ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$python3.7 manage.py makemigrations Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 15, in <module> import MySQLdb as Database ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MySQLdb' (途中省略) django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module. Did you install mysqlclient? [ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$
参考 qiita.com
※mysql57 をインストールしてから mysql-devel をインストールしようとすると、バージョンに起因するエラーが出た。インストールした mysql をアンインストールして、mysql-devel ⇒ mysql57 の順番でインストールするとバージョンの問題を解消できた。
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ sudo yum install mysql57-devel Loaded plugins: priorities, update-motd, upgrade-helper amzn-main | 2.1 kB 00:00:00 amzn-updates | 2.5 kB 00:00:00 24 packages excluded due to repository priority protections Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql57-devel.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.11.amzn1 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql57-libs(x86-64) = 5.7.25-1.11.amzn1 for package: mysql57-devel-5.7.25-1.11.amzn1.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql57(alternatives) for package: mysql57-devel-5.7.25-1.11.amzn1.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql57(alternatives) for package: mysql57-devel-5.7.25-1.11.amzn1.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.1020()(64bit) for package: mysql57-devel-5.7.25-1.11.amzn1.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql57.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.11.amzn1 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql57-common(x86-64) = 5.7.25-1.11.amzn1 for package: mysql57-5.7.25-1.11.amzn1.x86_64 ---> Package mysql57-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.11.amzn1 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql57-common.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.11.amzn1 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-config for package: mysql57-common-5.7.25-1.11.amzn1.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-config.x86_64 0:5.5.62-1.23.amzn1 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================ Installing: mysql57-devel x86_64 5.7.25-1.11.amzn1 amzn-updates 293 k Installing for dependencies: mysql-config x86_64 5.5.62-1.23.amzn1 amzn-updates 49 k mysql57 x86_64 5.7.25-1.11.amzn1 amzn-updates 14 M mysql57-common x86_64 5.7.25-1.11.amzn1 amzn-updates 90 k mysql57-libs x86_64 5.7.25-1.11.amzn1 amzn-updates 1.2 M Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages) Total size: 15 M Installed size: 49 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction check error: file /etc/my.cnf from install of mysql-config-5.5.62-1.23.amzn1.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el6.x86_64 Error Summary ------------- [ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$
mysqlclient の導入
$ sudo pip3 install mysqlclient
mysql57-server の導入
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ yum install mysql57-server
サービスの開始
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ sudo service mysqld start Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
ログイン
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ mysql -u root
DB 作成
mysql> CREATE DATABASE my_project; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> mysql> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | my_project | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql>
setting.py に以下変更を反映。
DATABASES = {
# 'default': {
# 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
# 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
# }
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'my_project',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '',
'HOST': '',
'PORT': '',
}
}
マイグレーション実行
[ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ python3 manage.py makemigrations [ec2-user@ip-xx-xx-1-192 my_project]$ python3 manage.py migrate
